Leonardo (da Vinci) is not a name, but said the text Xicheng origin meaning. Full 名列奥缴多迪瑟 Piero da Vinci (Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci) means that the text West Mesa ─ ─ Piero's son, Leonardo.
About
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) da Vinci, Leonardo Italian Renaissance's most famous artists, sculptors, architects, engineers, mechanics, masters of science, literary theorist, a great philosopher, poet, musician and inventor. He was born in the outskirts of Florence, Vinci town, died in France. His father is a lawyer and notary public, the mother of a peasant, his 15-year-old came to Florence, apprenticeship in Verrocchio's workshop, into the painters guild in 1472, the mid-1970s personal style has matured. 1482--1499 has been for years in Milan, the main service for the Duke of Milan, for a wide range of artistic and scientific activities, He is a talented, enthusiastic in his side of the art and theory to study how the use of lines with three-dimensional shape to form a variety of performance problems; other hand, he also studied natural sciences. Leonardo da Vinci art achievements
15-year-old artist began in Verrocchio's workshop A.del Arts. 1472 into the artist guild. 15 the mid-1970s personal painting style and maturity. 1482 - 1499 residence in France, in addition to services for the Duke of Milan, but also engage in other artistic and scientific activities. During this period his paintings much, but the 1500 Tour of Mantua and Venice and other places. 1506 returned to Florence, created Go to Milan in 1507 and serves French court. 1513 moved to Rome in 1516 went to France and finally settled Amboise. Minimal painting in his later years, with great concentration of scientific research, a large number of notes left behind by the death of manuscripts, ranging from physics, mathematics to biological anatomy, almost all-encompassing. Finished painting his life is not much, but each piece is immortal. His work has obvious personal style, and good at the art and science of combining the history of art in the world is unique. Creative activities of its academic community generally divided into early and peak stages.
early works
When his apprenticeship at Verrocchio's workshop, drawing on the performance of extraordinary genius. About 1470 he assisted Verrocchio drawing . According to legend, Verrocchio do not paint. His earliest extant work, This shows that he started working to solve realistic and typical processing of dialectical relationship. Later created the 1481 creation of the Although the painting because he left for Milan, but not completed, but the original can be seen on the image of its composition and shape of artistic innovation of the show, far beyond his teachers and peers: the Virgin Mary and the baby the triangle formed by three PhD stable composition, according to the precise drawing of perspective and architectural monuments such as the Pentium horses leap background, that he is no longer from the narrative point of view simply lists the characters, but the traditional theme of a thorough transformation. He used dark colors painting, so prominent characters in the film, breaking the tradition of painting revealed clear features, indicating the arrival of the Renaissance.
peak creative
1482 年 Leonardo came to Milan, should the invitation of St. Francesco church altar painting drawing Painting now in the possession of the works in Paris, though still the traditional subject matter, but the shaping of characters, and deep rock caves and rock characterization between flowers * really describe, prove that he has been using the smoke-like strokes to realism and art in fax processing to achieve a new level. In particular, this painting, Leonardo da Vinci in the distant future, but also created one, although not much change the layout, but the character movements, etc., with some changes. Should be the first one <
in Leonardo da Vinci's artistic heritage, a large number of drawing exercises are also quite noteworthy that these drawings and his official work, same as to achieve a high level, a model known as the art of drawing. Its characteristics are: observant, lines of hardness and softness, especially adept at using different levels of density of slash, the performance of subtle changes of light and shadow, his sketch of each piece is to be based. The theory of art scattered throughout more than 5,000 pieces of his notes and not finalized the Da Vinci is a famous Italian Renaissance painter, but also a European Renaissance one of the most prominent representatives. He is a profound thinking, knowledgeable, multi-talented artists, sculptors, architects, engineers, mechanics, great masters, literary theorist, a great philosopher, poet, musician and inventor. In almost every field he made a great contribution. Future generations of scholars have called him All, and more praise he deserved.
Leonardo da Vinci is a symbol of human wisdom, he cherished the ideal of infinite god-like, trying to re-create the beauty of the world, measuring the vast majority of the world, to explain the mysteries of the world. But he was only an ordinary person's life and strength. His ambition is to discover everything, research everything, and create everything. His life is a never-completed road, the road is covered with noble work unfinished chapter zero debris, before his death, sad to say: Finch was born in the outskirts of the town of Florence, it's called Finch, 5 years old on the beach can draw from memory a portrait of his mother, while impromptu lyrics set to music, singing his own accompaniment, attracted the admiration of those present endless. Father Antonio lawyer to recognize his son's painting, the artist decided to send him to Florence to learn committee Luo Jiao studio. There, he not only accept the painting, sculpture, architecture education, but also by other scientific impact. Finch in the appointment Luo Jiao studio has studied changes in light and dark relationship between the egg and found progressive light and shade painting. He had a studio in the Luo Jiao Committee for six years, the growth of modern scientific thought and the courage to explore a model of human wisdom. Vinci in Florence can not display their talents, and he put his artistic bent and wisdom into the real world, brilliant. 31 years old he wrote to the Duke of Milan 鲁多维柯斯弗 investigation, the letter cited in their various talents, he also said that for the last Grand Duke's father, shaped like a horse, a giant world has ever seen statue. Masters 41 years of age to complete this masterpiece of home-made statue, bronze casting for not leaving enough to the final unfinished masterpiece, the French invasion in 1499 was destroyed, otherwise it will become a major miracle. The Grand Duke to his reward talent and hard work is not gold, but the gnome jade language, which makes Finch uneasy, Grand Duke to comfort him and ask him to 米兰格雷契 temple canteen painted picture, which is the If the These two acclaimed works of Leonardo da Vinci's name to the attention of history forever. Leonardo da Vinci's unique artistic language is the use of shading to create three-dimensional image plane. He once said: dark transition is continuous, like a puff of smoke, there is no sharp dividing line, Vasari that this painting is the art of painting light and shade of a turning point. Finch's life has always been exploring the art of noble qualities, only in the United States to create, he can feel satisfied. 15th century Italian science and reason, the pursuit of beauty and creativity, as Leonardo da Vinci and reached its apex. But to get to the master's later years and not taken seriously and appreciated the Pope's indifference makes him very sad. 1515 King Francois I of France re-occupation of Milan, the master invited to settle in France Fort Crewe, candidates for the court painter. Master in 1519 who died in a foreign country, year-round 67. His students 佛朗东斯柯穆 Ejido, said: beautiful, elegant, can give a person's body, so he is all of the pre-eminent, showing his talent comes from God rather than human power. Leonardo is the case, his unparalleled elegance and beauty of his high intelligence can overcome all difficulties.
life
prodigy
Da Vinci was born in Italy near the town of Vinci Kay Arnold Village, town of Vinci near Florence. His father is famous notary public, the family rich. Leonardo da Vinci was born out of wedlock, his childhood was spent in the grandfather's Grange. As a child, Leonardo da Vinci smart, studious, wide range of interests. He sings very well, very early learned playing the pipa, and his impromptu concert, regardless of lyrics or melody, are amazing. In particular, he loved painting, and often paint their neighborhood, the
At the time, Piero commissioned by a farmer to draw a face shield painting. He heard that his son would paint a picture, want to try his son's Painting,journal, we put the task to a small Finch. With their small Vinci rich imagination, with a month's time, painting has become a terrifying monster. This monster-like eyes, long a fireball, Zhang Xuepentaikou nostrils flames and toxic smoke, look very scary. Work is completed, a small Finch asked my father came to his room. He completely obscure the window half the easel in the light happens to fall on the vertical monster body parts. Piero had just entered the room, one saw the face of ferocious monster, screamed up. Finch is a small smile on his father said: Committee Luo Jiao, began to systematically study the plastic arts. Leonardo da Vinci at this time only 14 years old.
Committee Luo Jiao of the boats was a famous art center of Florence, the Italian humanists often have gathered here to discuss academic issues. Leonardo da Vinci in a large number of well-known firm here, humanists, artists and scientists began to accept the influence of humanism. Leonardo da Vinci at the age of 20 have high artistic attainments, his performance with a brush and chisel to the true nature and real life, good and beautiful, warm praise of the happiness of life and the beauty of nature.
Leonardo da Vinci did not meet him this caliber, he mastered all areas of human thought. His vision, able to work with the soul of art. Once, he lost his way in the mountains, went to a dark cave before. He later recalled this experience, said: two emotions of the custodial bundle - the life of the unknown or unable to ascertain the mysterious fear, but want the mystery of the unknown nature to be exposed, to study, interpret its meaning, depicting the spectacular. He was already determined to do a researcher, a teacher, especially an artist.
great masters of the early Renaissance, people blindly accept the conventional wisdom, authority and worship of the ancient classical writings. People learn science is just learning as Leonardo da Vinci by the hospital against the teachings of philosophers and rhetoric of the past as a knowledge base, he encouraged people to learn from nature, to nature to seek knowledge and truth. He believes that knowledge originated in practice, only starting from practice, through practice to explore the mysteries of science. He said the Leonardo da Vinci proposed and mastered this advanced scientific methods, using this scientific method to carry out scientific research in natural science has made tremendous contributions. He proposed this approach, the development of Galileo was obtained by the English philosopher Francis. Bacon theory to summarize, as the most basic methods of modern natural science. Leonardo da Vinci believe in science, he was disgusted by religion, criticized the Catholic Church as He said: opened the way to create.
● astronomy. Leonardo da Vinci on the traditional He believes that the earth is not the center of the solar system, but not the center of the universe, but only one of the planets around the sun, the sun itself is not movement. Leonardo also believes that the moon itself is not light, he was only reflecting the sun's shining. He made these ideas as early as Copernicus' heliocentric. Even at the time, da Vinci fantasy of using solar energy.
● physics. Leonardo da Vinci rediscovered the concept of fluid pressure, made a connected device works. He pointed out: in the connected device, the same height of the liquid surface is the same, different liquid surface height, the height and density of the liquid is inversely proportional. He discovered the principle of inertia, later to Galileo's experiments proved. He believed that a projectile was initially along the sloping straight up, gravity and momentum in the testimony of the mixing curve displacement, and finally run out of momentum, gravity testimony in the vertical drop motion. His findings make Aristotle's theory had shaken off the body. He developed the leverage, in addition to derive the relationship between force and arm length, but still out of the relationship between speed and arm length. He pointed out that the Da Vinci also indicates that the atomic theory of matter, vivid description of a nuclear power: look in the air seems destructive. Leonardo da Vinci on the anatomy and physiology has made great achievements, is considered the ancestor of modern physiological anatomy. He mastered the knowledge of human anatomy, starting from the anatomical study of the physiology and medicine. He first used the wax to show the internal structure of the human brain, but also the idea of making glass and ceramic heart and eye first. He discovered the function of blood that the blood on the human body plays a role in metabolism. He said the continued transformation of the body of blood, the body needs nutrients to the various parts, then the body wastes away. Leonardo da Vinci studied the heart, he found that the heart has four cavities, and draw a heart valve. He believes that the cause of death among the elderly is atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis arising due to lack of exercise. Later, the United Kingdom William. Harvey confirmed and developed the da Vinci of these physiological results.
● construction. In architecture, Leonardo da Vinci exhibit exceptional talent. He designed the bridge, church, dome building and city sewer. In the design of city streets, he will separate the traveling and walking paths; design of urban buildings, the specific provisions of the housing height and street width. The moat of Milan that he designed and built.
● water conservancy projects. Leonardo da Vinci for the study of water than the Italian scholar Alex iron out as early as a century. To rule out the sand, he made clear the Arno River, the construction plans. He designed and personally presided over the construction of the Milan to Pavia canal irrigation. He handled by the construction of some of the reservoirs, water gates, dams, irrigation facilitated and promoted the development of agricultural production. Some irrigation facilities still play a role.
● military and machinery. Leonardo da Vinci's research and invention also relates to military and machinery, he invented the flying machine, helicopter, parachute, machine guns, grenades, tanks, submarines, double-hulled ships, cranes and so on.
● geology. Leonardo da Vinci on the mountain under the sea animal fossils have inferred the fact that there have been changes in the crust, traces of the flood on Earth that land and sea change is proof of this idea 300 years later, with the Hutton findings in geology is quite similar . And in the Magellan voyage around the world, before he calculated the earth's diameter is 7,000 miles.
He also mathematics and hydraulic engineering, has made a significant contribution. We can say that da Vinci's study relates to every department of natural science, his ideas and to deep into all areas of human knowledge. He is the world's few all-round development of the scholar. However, most of da Vinci's works and manuscripts are not published until many years after his death was only discovered by the world. Leonardo da Vinci of science historians Dampier commented, >
the Renaissance genius before the Wright brothers as early as possible to create a history of human flight.
But we can perfectly safe to say that if you really have that happen, the human race's academic and social evolution are certainly different,
In fact, Leonardo da Vinci is also with the previous era, like people, have a flying dream. Spent some time in Florence after Leonardo went to Milan. 1483-1486 period, Leonardo da Vinci drew a sketch aircraft.
in Leonardo da Vinci's ideas, this is a pilot to rely on itself to provide power to drive the vehicle. The genius said that their design is
let us just based on Leonardo da Vinci sketches to restore the plane. The shape of the aircraft made of wood, canvas and other materials at the time, the aircraft sides of a pair of membranous wings, resembles the structure and shape of the bat or pterosaur, a pair of wings wings can reach 11 meters. Pilot saddled with this huge aircraft by a non-stop pedal power to drive pulley, and this impetus has been enlarged by hand crank, while providing power to the lifting device.
designed this plane, da Vinci has been a concept of mind: you can fly as long as power is sufficient. It appears that the Renaissance genius of the Wright brothers as early as possible before creating the history of human flight. In fact, the first aircraft of the mechanical design is very perfect, but because of man's own power and aircraft provided their weight compared to the proportion, it is not practical application. In fact, Leonardo da Vinci said his invention is to provide a helicopter force, and not really working aircraft. Even today, people will be the design of Leonardo da Vinci helicopter as the ancestors.
● He designed the initial robot
more amazing is that Leonardo da Vinci also designed a way to do heart surgery to repair.
Da Vinci claims that he had not received educational books, nature is his real teacher. The understanding of nature, understanding ourselves. The Renaissance genius spare no effort to fulfill. In order to understand human beings, Leonardo da Vinci himself dissected hundreds of bodies, human bones, muscles, joints and internal organs for a precise understanding and drawing.
in a number of anatomical, after Leonardo da Vinci discovered blood on the human body's metabolism played the role of nutrition into the blood to all parts of the body, from all parts of the waste taken away again. In specific anatomical observation, Leonardo da Vinci discovered the heart cavity formed by the four heart valves and draw the graph.
In fact, when Leonardo da Vinci with the working mechanism of the human circulatory system have no idea. Even more amazing is that in 2005, a British surgeon also uses da Vinci designed a heart surgery to repair method. However, anatomical studies in the Leonardo da Vinci did not bring to the reputation, but suffered numerous libel.
however, is this in-depth understanding of the human body, even Leonardo da Vinci drawing in the manuscript in the Western civilized world's first humanoid robot.
given the da Vinci robot to wood, leather and metal casing. And how to make the robot move, so that Da Vinci is a big headache. Leonardo da Vinci's idea, he thought of using the lower gears as the drive. Thus by two mechanical lever gear and then a disc with chest gear meshing, the robot arm can be waved, sitting or standing. Even more peculiar is, then head through a drive rod and connected to the head can rotate and even open and close jaw. Once the drum is equipped with an automatic device, the robot can even sound.
original, 500 years ago, they already have the prototype of the robot.
● ignite the fire of inspiration for the modern invention of the automobile is what this car,
up to more than 7,000 pages of Leonardo da Vinci manuscripts (about 5,000 extant pages) is still affecting research, he is a prophet of the modern world, and his manuscript page is called a Ministry of the real 15th century encyclopedia of science and technology.
early, da Vinci was the carriage of discontent. In his scientific world, has long been the shadow of the car. In fact, light the fire of inspiration for the modern invention of the automobile is what this car,
Since it is necessary to consider the dynamic problem car, Leonardo da Vinci in the middle of installing a two car springs to solve this problem. Human rear wheel makes the car turn in all gears meshing with each other, the spring tension to produce a force, and through leveraging the power delivered to the wheels.
then how to control the speed it? Leonardo da Vinci thought. He installed a body in the car disc device, set the disc surface, a lot of square pieces of wood, and each wheel and connect the other end of the iron disk phase, which is used to control the speed of the device. Disc fan placed greater the number of pieces of wood, and the greater will be friction between the iron, the greater the resistance, wheel running slower, the longer the distance traveled.
of course, Leonardo da Vinci thought of the brakes. Between a block in gear, pull the rope between the pieces of wood stuck in gear, the car can stop. However, the car can not be manned, because the spring force alone can not travel long distances.
the same time, Leonardo da Vinci will be the clever use of springs in the watch design. Later, the principle of using a large watch, the idea is from Leonardo da Vinci. Only in this scenario, the spring will be replaced by the gravity of objects, objects to the gravity effect is through the bite of many uniform transmission gear, watches will be able to maintain uniform motion.
addition, Dredging machine, diving, crane, cameras, heating machine, thermometer ... ... Leonardo da Vinci had designed numerous inventions. These inventions is enough to make our world 100 years ahead of science and civilization.
● endless obsession with the mechanical world
underwater breathing apparatus, pull device, winding drive, ball device, reverse spiral, differential screw, textiles dilator ... ... up Finch will be his numerous brainstorms show in the world. Leonardo da Vinci had to talk about the beginning of the story first came to Florence to study painting experience. In fact, this experience opened the door to the artist Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo da Vinci also opened the door to scientists.
1460, the Leonardo da Vinci with his father to Florence, began his apprenticeship at the same time began to study painting. Leonardo da Vinci painting in school installed the dome of Florence Cathedral of Santa Maria giant copper ball on the lighthouse, which exposed a wide variety of mechanical systems and feel the magic.
Florence Cathedral of the Virgin Mary is the beginning of Renaissance architecture. Leonardo da Vinci in the installation of a giant copper ball on the dome of the lighthouse when witnessed a three-speed machines and other mechanical devices to enhance the efficiency of the magical feel of them. As a result, the mechanical system design Brunelleschi Leonardo da Vinci had a great influence on. When a group of
and Siena's engineers designed a shape like a boat river silt excavators, mad to clear the mouth of the shallow sand and mud, there is a way to improve and speed up the loading speed of the paddle leaf boat, Siena engineers invented these, so that da Vinci machines have a huge interest in magic.
Since then, the da Vinci machine endless obsession with the world.
artist
comes to art in the Renaissance when the number of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael's highest achievements. To achieve their artistic achievements of Western style art of ancient Greece, following after the second peak only in terms of painting, the first European to reach the peak. Particularly among the most prominent Leonardo da Vinci, Engels said he is a giant of giants. In art, the art of Leonardo da Vinci to solve the shape of three areas - architecture, sculpture, painting of the major issues:
1, solve a monumental central dome building design and urban planning ideals;
2, since the completion of the 15th century monument sculptor deeply difficult riding statue of the subject;
3, was solved in two important areas of painting - murals and monumental altar painting problems.
Da Vinci works of art not only as a mirror-like reflection of things, but also to guide the creative thinking, observation and from nature to the performance of selected parts of the United States. Fresco This three works of Leonardo da Vinci left behind for the world's art treasures treasures of treasures, is the dome of the rock art of Europe.
legend, in his youth, help the teacher in a once called The year has a reputation in teacher ashamed, no longer studied under painting, a sculpture out only.
Leonardo da Vinci is most familiar to the world that he never high art of painting, his most famous works are: .
representative of the spirit
Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance than of any one person, there is more, a wider field of fantasy. His profound thinking, erudite. With his never-ending exploration of nature and spirit to all the mysteries of life, he art and science, rational and emotional, physical and spiritual melting in a furnace, inherit and carry forward the previous performance of humanist thinking and realism practices, to promote the arts to an unprecedented height, the development of natural science has made great contributions. Leonardo da Vinci is a well-deserved
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